In just the past few years, reverse mortgages have turned into a $20 billion-a-year lending juggernaut. Few seniors get through the day without hearing a pitch from salesmen on the phone or from onetime stars like Robert Wagner and James Garner on TV.
Reverse mortgages let seniors take cash out of their home's equity with loans that do not have to be repaid until the borrower dies or permanently leaves the residence.
The loans are federally backed and tax-free.
But they are also dangerous, say consumer advocates. They typically come with double-digit, up-front fees, and the debt grows quickly, the result of compound interest. Reverse mortgages usually carry variable interest rates, too, and can affect eligibility for Medicaid.
They also have become avenues for fraud, sometimes pushed by brokers who convince borrowers to put loan proceeds into high-commission annuities or other investments.
Defenders say reverse mortgages are powerful financial tools that allow cash-strapped seniors to stay in their homes. And it is not hard to find retirees who are happy with their reverse mortgages.
But consumer advocates have started taking aim. Financial regulators and the FBI have all issued warnings about unscrupulous reverse mortgage brokers.
Steven Peck an elder law and financial abuse attorney in California states "Reverse mortgages end up being a financial death sentence."
Reverse mortgages have been around for two decades, but they have gained popularity as members of the so-called Silent Generation -- now in their 70s and 80s -- look to maintain their lifestyles, pay medical bills or take dream vacations.
From 2005 to 2006, the number of reverse mortgages jumped 26 percent, according to the National Reverse Mortgage Lenders Association, a trade group.
In 2007, there were more than 130,000 new loans cut nationwide, many by financial powerhouses like Bank of America or Wells Fargo.
The Southern California region ranks as one of the most active markets in the U.S. (Miami is first.) Analysts expect that the nation's 78 million baby boomers -- the huge cohort born between 1946 and 1964 that now controls roughly $4 trillion in home equity -- could propel the reverse mortgage industry even higher.
New federal rules could be a boon as well. Last year, the U.S. Housing and Economic Recovery Act increased the total amount that could be borrowed under a reverse mortgage to $625,000.
'Financial death sentence'
Reverse mortgages are calculated on actuarial tables, just as insurance policies are. The older the borrower and the more valuable the dwelling, the more money available.
Reverse mortgage ads -- some showing smiling homeowners or brokers holding fistfuls of money -- boast that borrowers can "never" owe more than the value of their home, because only a portion of equity is ever tapped.
Reverse mortgages also are non-recourse, meaning lenders cannot go after other assets, or heirs, in the case of default.
But critics maintain that reverse mortgages are predatory loans because they increase dramatically over time.
"It's a pit of debt," said Peck, "Seniors are going to find that, when they're in their home for a number of years, the debt will be so huge -- just as people found with the subprime adjustable rate mortgages -- they'll have nothing."
With a conventional $200,000 mortgage, after 10 years the balance would be roughly $166,000, Peck said. With a reverse mortgage, over the same period, the principal balance would rise to over $ 300,000.00.
Critics also chafe at the adjustable-rate nature of reverse mortgages, which can send interest rates up over time.
That is what happens to many people, who are into reverse mortgage.Interest rates started out in the single digits, but eventually jumped to over 10.5 percent., eating up all the equity in an elder's home much quikcer then usually represented.
New rules adopted last fall cap the total interest rate increase at 5 percentage points over the life of the loan.
But the biggest criticisms concerning reverse mortgages are the myriad fees attached to them.Loans typically have fees that exceed 10 percent of the reverse mortgage debt.
Reverse mortgage origination fees can be as high as $6,000, Mortgage insurance -- taken out up front and often folded into the loan -- represents another 2 percent fee, plus one half of 1 percent annually thereafter. On a $300,000 loan, that would be another $6,000 initially.
There also is a $420 annual lender servicing charge that is tacked on each year for the life of the loan. Reverse mortgages also typically have fees for appraisal, document preparation, recordation, escrow, title insurance and brokerage, among others.
The loans should be a "last resort" for seniors, because of the expense associated with them, Many seniors also are unaware that reverse mortgages can also affect eligibility for Medicaid, because loan proceeds -- if received in a lump sum -- raise asset bases above allowable limits.
The regulators and law-enforcement agencies that have warned borrowers about reverse mortgages focus on brokers who convince borrowers to invest their loans in deferred annuities, life insurance policies or other high-commission investment products.
Deferred annuities provide steady payouts but often require years before any money is received by an investor. They also typically contain considerable "surrender charges" for withdrawing money before their maturation date. Those kinds of investments are bad choices, analysts say, because they erode the liquidity, the primary benefit of a reverse mortgage.
The new federal rules prohibit annuity sales by reverse mortgage brokers, but some companies dodge the law by using multiple salesmen, one to sell the mortgages and another investments.
But some worry that government backing of reverse mortgages could lead to another banking crisis, because future appreciation will be necessary in many cases to pay off the loans and interest.
Because of the declining housing market, and the inability of many to sell their homes, I think you're going to see a lot of foreclosures involving reverse mortgages. We are going to another real estate breakddown again as we are no seeing going through our economy.
Buyer Beware!! Contact Steven Peck's Premier Legal toll free at 1-866-999-9085 to talk to an experienced elder law and financial abuse attorney